Going Off Grid (energy)

Off-grid solar systems offer several benefits, making them an attractive choice for various scenarios:

1. Independence from the Grid:
   • Off-grid solar systems operate independently of the main electricity grid.
   • They provide self-sufficiency, especially in remote areas where connecting to the grid is challenging or expensive.
   • You’re not reliant on external power suppliers, giving you more control over your energy needs.
2. Environmental Friendliness:
   • Off-grid solar systems use renewable energy from the sun, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
   • By choosing solar power, you contribute to a cleaner environment and combat climate change.
3. Cost Savings:
   • While the initial investment can be higher, off-grid solar systems save money in the long run.
   • You avoid monthly electricity bills and potential rate hikes.
   • Maintenance costs are generally lower compared to grid-connected systems.
4. Energy Resilience:
   • Off-grid systems provide energy during power outages or grid failures.
   • They are ideal for areas prone to blackouts or unreliable grid supply.
   • You won’t be left without power during emergencies.
5. Versatility and Mobility:
   • Off-grid solar works well for temporary or short-term use.
   • It’s perfect for camping, cabins, caravans, and holiday homes.
   • Portable solar panels allow you to generate power wherever you go.
6. Reduced Carbon Footprint:
   • By using solar energy, you contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
   • Off-grid systems align with sustainable living practices.

Remember that while off-grid solar systems have limitations (such as not meeting 100% energy demands year-round), they remain a valuable option for specific needs and situations.

The first step

Going off grid needs to be planned carefully, with the pros and cons of off grid power, the key factor is to have a back up plan. Redundancy can come in many form and it can be a blend of cost balance or a later upgrade that will be needed. but sometime later never comes, or you could lose out on opportunities.

• Buy two inverters that will work in parallel.
• You wont meet year round power production, so a generator will be needed.
• Ensure that you have ample battery storage, for a buffer and if you are carrying out maintenance.
• Have storage for two days of your winter average loads, both in storage and with inverters.
• Ensure that your power needs are supported by the space for your solar arrays.
  

Array

If you are off grid then the array is your life line. the back up is the generator but we will talk about those later in this article. The position of the panels is essential for production, and we have already made posts about this and the need for two arrays. The angle of the sun and panels is somewhat limited, so its a good idea to have a summer and winter array as the difference can be as much as 50% yields.

Most power tends to be consumed in winter. with the shorter days, the lights need to be on, heating pumps and hearty meals cooked. therefore the importance of planning for winter is more a key point for any off grid system.

You array needs to be able to charge the battery, and provide loads, in winter the skirts of the season will see you around 4 hours of sun, in Winter you will average 1.3 hours of sun or less. This is where the generator has to work and provide charge the the battery, its secondary roll for when there is a solar fault or maintenance occurring.

[Day load + Charge kWh = Array] and Sun Hours X Array = Array size.

Note that solar trackers are a little different as they yield more power daily and year round. we do offer solar trackers

Inverters

Inverters come in a range of sizes and configurations, some are better than others and you may need to use some hacks to get the most out of the system.
New inverters are typically HF (High Freq) and older ( sometimes new) LF ( Low Freq)
Let’s explore the differences between High Frequency (HF) and Low Frequency (LF) inverters:

1. High Frequency (HF) Inverters:
   • Pros:
     • Smaller footprint: HF inverters are compact and take up less space.
     • Less expensive: They are generally more affordable.
   • Cons:
     • Not ideal for high-surge loads: HF inverters struggle with high-surge loads, such as pumps and high-torque tools.
     • May not operate well under extreme conditions: Their efficiency can drop in challenging environments.
     • Less robust: They may not handle prolonged stress as effectively.
       
2. Low Frequency (LF) Inverters:
   • Pros:
     • Runs well with high-surge loads: LF inverters handle high-surge loads better.
     • Operates cooler: They generate less heat during operation.
     • More reliable: LF inverters are often considered more robust and reliable.
   • Cons:
     • Heavier: LF inverters are bulkier due to larger transformers.
     • More expensive: They come with a higher price tag.
     • May not be as efficient: While generally efficient, they might not match the efficiency of HF inverters.

In summary, choose HF inverters for cost-effectiveness and space-saving, but be aware of their limitations. LF inverters are more robust and reliable but come at a higher cost, but depending on what you are using it may be necessary.

Parallel inverters allows you to use two “grid forming” inverters together, either to boost total power, to have both on during high use times, or switching to as a back up. Either way with off grid, it can be a great option.. ( two extra MPPT controllers each)….

Plant room

Providing your own power is a fair amount of fuss which goes after time, but having the right place to store your generation system is essential.

Let’s explore the components that would go into a plant room for an off-grid solar installation, as well as how wind turbines and water wheels fit into the picture.

Components for an Off-Grid Solar Plant Room:

1. Solar Panels:
   • Purpose: Solar panels absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) power.
   • Why?: They are the primary energy source for an off-grid system.
   • Note: Any standard solar panel can be used; no need for specialized “off-grid” panels.
2. Charge Controller:
   • Purpose: Regulates the charging of batteries from solar panels.
   • Why?: Prevents overcharging and ensures efficient battery charging.
3. Battery Bank:
   • Purpose: Stores excess energy generated by solar panels.
   • Why?: Provides power during cloudy days or at night.
4. Inverter:
   • Purpose: Converts DC power from batteries into alternating current (AC) for household use.
   • Why?: Allows you to run AC appliances and devices.
5. Distribution Panel:
   • Purpose: Distributes electricity from the inverter to various circuits.
   • Why?: Organizes and manages power distribution within the building.
6. Safety Devices:
   • Purpose: Protects the system and users.
   • Why?: Includes fuses, circuit breakers, surge protectors, and grounding systems.

Adding Wind Turbines:

• Wind Turbines:
  • Purpose: Generate electricity from wind energy.
  • Why?: Complements solar panels by providing power during cloudy days or when solar production is low.
  • Note: Wind turbines require proper siting to capture consistent wind.

Adding a Water Wheel:

• Water Wheel:
  • Purpose: Converts kinetic energy from flowing water into rotational energy.
  • Why?: Ideal for locations with access to moving water (streams, rivers).
  • Note: Water wheels can operate day and night, providing continuous power.

Safety Considerations:

• Safety:
  • Off-grid systems require proper installation and maintenance.
  • Regular inspections are crucial to ensure safe operation.
  • Compliance with electrical codes is essential for safety.
  • Water wheels can be safe if designed and installed correctly.

In summary, combining solar panels, wind turbines, and water wheels creates a robust off-grid system. Proper design, installation, and adherence to safety guidelines are critical. Having a room with the space to pull down batteries and inverters, keep them at the right temps and have ventilation is part and parcel. Weather it is a plant room or building is up to you.